{"id":9479,"date":"2024-10-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.bim.finance\/?p=9479"},"modified":"2024-10-07T12:54:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T10:54:18","slug":"quest-ce-que-les-frais-de-transactions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blog.bim.finance\/en\/quest-ce-que-les-frais-de-transactions\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est ce que les frais de transactions ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Comment fonctionnent les frais de transactions dans l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me crypto ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lorsque vous r\u00e9alisez une transaction sur une blockchain comme Bitcoin ou Ethereum, celle-ci doit \u00eatre valid\u00e9e et ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 un bloc par les mineurs (dans les syst\u00e8mes Proof-of-Work) ou par les validateurs (dans les syst\u00e8mes Proof-of-Stake).<\/p>

Ces acteurs, qui participent au maintien de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau, sont r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s en frais de transaction.<\/strong> Ces frais varient en fonction de plusieurs param\u00e8tres, tels que l’activit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau, la taille de la transaction et la priorit\u00e9 souhait\u00e9e pour le traitement.<\/strong><\/p>

Les blockchains ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une capacit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e en termes de nombre de transactions par bloc, et lorsque la demande est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, les utilisateurs sont en concurrence pour que leurs transactions soient trait\u00e9es plus rapidement.<\/p>

Dans ces cas, payer des frais plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s peut acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le traitement de la transaction<\/strong>, car les mineurs ou validateurs priorisent les transactions les plus r\u00e9mun\u00e9ratrices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00c0 quoi servent les frais de transaction ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les frais de transaction remplissent plusieurs r\u00f4les importants :<\/p>

  1. R\u00e9compenser les mineurs et validateurs<\/strong>. Ces frais incitent les participants du r\u00e9seau \u00e0 valider les transactions. Cela sert donc \u00e0 maintenir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la blockchain.<\/li>
  2. R\u00e9guler l’activit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau<\/strong>. En rendant les transactions co\u00fbteuses, surtout lors des p\u00e9riodes de congestion, les frais aident \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les attaques par spam. Il arrive que des acteurs malveillants tentent de saturer le r\u00e9seau avec des transactions inutiles.<\/li>
  3. Optimiser la vitesse des transactions<\/strong>. En payant des frais plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, les utilisateurs peuvent s’assurer que leurs transactions seront valid\u00e9es plus rapidement.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Exemples de frais de transaction sur diff\u00e9rents r\u00e9seaux<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Bitcoin<\/strong><\/h4>

    Sur le r\u00e9seau Bitcoin, les frais de transaction sont bas\u00e9s principalement sur deux facteurs : la taille de la transaction et la demande d\u2019espace dans les blocs<\/strong>. Plus une transaction est volumineuse (en termes de donn\u00e9es) et plus il y a de demandes pour inclure des transactions dans un bloc, plus les frais sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/p>

    Le calcul des frais se fait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en Satoshis par octet (SATS\/byte).<\/p>

    Ethereum<\/strong><\/h4>

    Avec l’introduction de l’EIP-1559, la structure des frais sur Ethereum a chang\u00e9. Il existe d\u00e9sormais des frais de base qui sont automatiquement br\u00fbl\u00e9s<\/a>, r\u00e9duisant ainsi l’offre totale d’ETH.<\/strong>\u00a0Les pourboires optionnels que les utilisateurs peuvent payer pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la validation de leurs transactions sont aussi r\u00e9duits.\u00a0<\/p>

    Le calcul des frais de transaction se fait en multipliant la limite de gaz par le frais de base et le pourboire (s’il y en a). (voir la moyenne des frais de transaction sur ETH)<\/a><\/p>

    Polygon<\/strong><\/h4>

    Polygon, une solution de couche 2 (layer 2) pour Ethereum, a des frais bien plus bas gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son m\u00e9canisme de consensus plus rapide et \u00e0 son architecture optimis\u00e9e. Les transactions sont factur\u00e9es en jetons POL. Bien que la structure soit similaire \u00e0 celle d’Ethereum, les co\u00fbts sont beaucoup plus abordables.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Frais de transactions crypto, exemple sur Polygon avec une transaction param\u00e9tr\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Instantan\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Facteurs influen\u00e7ant les frais de transaction<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Plusieurs facteurs influencent les frais de transaction sur les diff\u00e9rentes blockchains :<\/p>

    1. Congestion du r\u00e9seau.<\/strong>\u00a0Plus le r\u00e9seau est utilis\u00e9, plus les frais augmentent, car il y a plus de transactions en attente. C’est particuli\u00e8rement vrai sur des r\u00e9seaux comme Ethereum pendant les p\u00e9riodes de forte demande.<\/li>
    2. Taille et complexit\u00e9 de la transaction<\/strong>. Les transactions plus grandes, ou impliquant des contrats intelligents complexes, consomment plus de ressources et entra\u00eenent donc des frais plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/li>
    3. Choix des utilisateurs.<\/strong>\u00a0Sur certaines blockchains, comme Ethereum, les utilisateurs peuvent choisir d\u2019ajuster les frais qu’ils souhaitent payer en fonction de la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle ils veulent que leur transaction soit confirm\u00e9e.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre les frais sur les plateformes centralis\u00e9es et d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es ?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Les frais de transaction ne se limitent pas aux blockchains. Sur les plateformes d’\u00e9change centralis\u00e9es (CEX)<\/a> et d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es (DEX)<\/a>, des frais suppl\u00e9mentaires sont souvent factur\u00e9s pour la gestion et la facilitation des transactions. Les CEX pr\u00e9l\u00e8vent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des frais fixes ou bas\u00e9s sur un pourcentage des transactions.<\/p>

      En revanche, sur les DEX, les utilisateurs paient les frais de r\u00e9seau, en plus des \u00e9ventuels frais de plateforme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Comment r\u00e9duire les frais de transaction ?<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Pour \u00e9viter de payer des frais excessifs, voici quelques strat\u00e9gies :<\/p>

      1. Planifier ses transactions.<\/strong>\u00a0Lorsque cela est possible, ex\u00e9cuter des transactions pendant des p\u00e9riodes o\u00f9 la demande est plus faible peut aider \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts.<\/li>
      2. Utiliser des blockchains alternatives<\/strong>. Certaines blockchains, comme Solana ou Binance Smart Chain, proposent des frais beaucoup plus bas que des r\u00e9seaux comme Ethereum.<\/li>
      3. Utiliser des solutions de Layer 2<\/strong>. Des blockchains comme Polygon ou Arbitrum ou Optimism permettent de r\u00e9duire drastiquement les frais tout en profitant de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019Ethereum.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        Les frais de transactions en crypto sont indispensables au bon fonctionnement des blockchains. Ils assurent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau, incitent les validateurs \u00e0 traiter les transactions et optimisent ainsi\u00a0 l\u2019allocation des ressources lors des p\u00e9riodes de congestion.<\/p>

        Ces frais puissent parfois \u00eatre \u00e9lev\u00e9s, surtout sur les blockchains populaires comme Ethereum. Cependant, des solutions alternatives existent pour r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts tout en continuant \u00e0 utiliser la technologie blockchain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Les frais de transaction en crypto-monnaie sont un aspect essentiel du fonctionnement des blockchains. Ils correspondent aux co\u00fbts associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la validation et \u00e0 l’ajout de transactions sur le r\u00e9seau, qu’il s’agisse de transf\u00e9rer des fonds, d’interagir avec un contrat intelligent ou d’autres types d’op\u00e9rations. Ces frais servent non seulement \u00e0 r\u00e9compenser les mineurs ou validateurs pour leur travail, mais aussi \u00e0 assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l’efficacit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,16],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[147],"class_list":["post-9479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain","category-lexique"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u2019est ce que les frais de transactions ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les frais de transaction en crypto sont des co\u00fbts associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la validation des transactions sur les blockchains. 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