{"id":6911,"date":"2024-05-20T09:26:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T07:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.bim.finance\/?p=6911"},"modified":"2024-05-20T15:26:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T13:26:05","slug":"quest-ce-le-depeg-de-stablecoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blog.bim.finance\/en\/quest-ce-le-depeg-de-stablecoin\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu’est-ce le \u201cdepeg\u201d de Stablecoin ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Un stablecoin<\/strong> est un type de cryptomonnaie con\u00e7u pour maintenir une valeur stable par rapport \u00e0 un actif de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une monnaie fiduciaire comme le dollar am\u00e9ricain (USD), l’euro (EUR), ou encore l’or.\u00a0<\/p>

Contrairement aux cryptomonnaies volatiles comme le Bitcoin ou l’Ethereum, les stablecoins visent \u00e0 offrir une stabilit\u00e9 de prix, ce qui les rend particuli\u00e8rement attrayants pour les transactions quotidiennes, le commerce et comme r\u00e9serve de valeur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Les stablecoins jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me des cryptomonnaies. Voici quelques-unes de leurs principales utilisations :<\/p>

  1. Moyen de paiement<\/strong>. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur stabilit\u00e9, les stablecoins sont id\u00e9aux pour les paiements et les transferts d’argent. Ils permettent des transactions rapides et peu co\u00fbteuses sans la volatilit\u00e9 associ\u00e9e aux autres cryptomonnaies.<\/p><\/li>

  2. R\u00e9serve de valeur<\/strong>. Les investisseurs peuvent convertir leurs cryptomonnaies en stablecoins pour se prot\u00e9ger contre la volatilit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s. Cela permet de conserver la valeur sans la retirer de l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me crypto.<\/p><\/li>

  3. Trading et Arbitrage<\/strong>. Les stablecoins sont largement utilis\u00e9s sur les plateformes de trading pour acheter et vendre d’autres cryptomonnaies. Leur stabilit\u00e9 permet de passer rapidement d’une cryptomonnaie \u00e0 une autre sans subir de pertes dues \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9.<\/p><\/li>

  4. Accessibilit\u00e9<\/strong>. Pour ceux qui n’ont pas acc\u00e8s aux services bancaires traditionnels, les stablecoins offrent une alternative pour stocker et transf\u00e9rer de la valeur.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Depeg\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Le r\u00f4le des stablecoins dans l’\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique – BIM Blog<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    La stabilit\u00e9 des Stablecoins et leur importance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    La stabilit\u00e9 des stablecoins est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement assur\u00e9e par divers m\u00e9canismes de \u00ab\u00a0backing\u00a0\u00bb (garantie) :<\/p>

    Stablecoins collat\u00e9ralis\u00e9s par des fiat<\/strong>. Ces stablecoins sont soutenus par des r\u00e9serves de monnaie fiduciaire<\/a> d\u00e9tenues par une entit\u00e9 centrale. Par exemple, chaque Tether (USDT) est ainsi suppos\u00e9 \u00eatre adoss\u00e9 \u00e0 un dollar am\u00e9ricain d\u00e9tenu en r\u00e9serve.<\/p>

    Stablecoins collat\u00e9ralis\u00e9s par des cryptomonnaies<\/strong>. Ces stablecoins utilisent des actifs cryptographiques comme garantie. Par exemple, DAI est donc un stablecoin collat\u00e9ralis\u00e9 par des r\u00e9serves d’Ethereum (ETH) et d’autres cryptomonnaies.<\/p>

    Stablecoins algorithmiques<\/strong>. Ceux-ci ne sont pas soutenus par des r\u00e9serves, mais par des algorithmes et des contrats intelligents. Ces Smart Contract r\u00e9gulent ainsi l’offre et la demande pour maintenir la stabilit\u00e9 des prix.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Qu'est-ce que le \"Depeg\" de Stablecoin ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Le terme \u00ab\u00a0depeg\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la perte de parit\u00e9 d’un stablecoin avec son actif de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Par exemple, si un stablecoin cens\u00e9 valoir 1 USD tombe en dessous de cette valeur, on parle de depeg.<\/p>

    Causes et Risques du Depeg<\/h4>

    Plusieurs facteurs peuvent causer un depeg :<\/p>

    1. Probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9serve. <\/strong>Si un stablecoin collat\u00e9ralis\u00e9 par des fiat n’a pas suffisamment de r\u00e9serves pour couvrir toutes les unit\u00e9s en circulation, cela peut entra\u00eener une perte de confiance et ainsi une baisse de sa valeur.<\/p><\/li>

    2. Volatilit\u00e9 des actifs sous-jacents<\/strong>. Pour les stablecoins collat\u00e9ralis\u00e9s par des cryptomonnaies, une forte chute des prix des actifs sous-jacents peut rendre le stablecoin sous-collat\u00e9ralis\u00e9, menant \u00e0 un depeg.<\/p><\/li>

    3. D\u00e9faillances techniques ou algorithmiques<\/strong>. Les stablecoins algorithmiques sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables aux erreurs de code ou aux attaques qui peuvent perturber les m\u00e9canismes de stabilisation.<\/p><\/li>

    4. Perte de confiance<\/strong>. Tout \u00e9v\u00e9nement qui diminue la confiance des utilisateurs dans la capacit\u00e9 d’un stablecoin \u00e0 maintenir sa parit\u00e9 peut provoquer un depeg.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Exemple de Depeg : TerraUSD (UST) en 2022<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      L’un des cas les plus notables de depeg est celui de TerraUSD (UST)<\/strong>, un stablecoin algorithmique.<\/p>

      En mai 2022, l’UST a perdu sa parit\u00e9 avec le dollar, chutant \u00e0 des niveaux extr\u00eamement bas<\/b>, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 une crise massive dans l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me Terra et ainsi \u00e0 la perte de milliards de dollars pour les investisseurs.<\/p>

      L’UST est un stablecoin algorithmique dont la parit\u00e9 est maintenue gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un m\u00e9canisme d’arbitrage avec le token LUNA, la cryptomonnaie native de la blockchain Terra.\u00a0<\/p>

      Le principe est le suivant : lorsque le cours de l’UST diminue, les utilisateurs peuvent \u00e9changer 1 UST contre 1 dollar de LUNA, r\u00e9duisant ainsi l’offre d’UST et augmentant sa valeur.\u00a0<\/p>

      Inversement, si le cours de l’UST augmente au-dessus de 1 USD, les utilisateurs peuvent \u00e9changer LUNA contre UST, augmentant l’offre d’UST et r\u00e9duisant son prix.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Le depeg du stablecoin UST<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      En mai 2022, ce m\u00e9canisme a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 l’\u00e9preuve lors d’une vente massive d’UST. Voici les \u00e9tapes de l’effondrement :<\/p>

      Premi\u00e8re Chute<\/strong>. En quelques jours, l’UST a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9sindexer, chutant initialement \u00e0 0,65 USD. Un bref r\u00e9tablissement a suivi, mais la situation a empir\u00e9 lorsque le cours a plong\u00e9 \u00e0 un minimum de 0,22 USD.<\/p>

      Attaque et Liquidation<\/span>. Une attaque pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e contre un pool de liquidit\u00e9 sur Curve Finance a aggrav\u00e9 la situation. 350 millions de dollars d’UST ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour drainer des liquidit\u00e9s, d\u00e9clenchant un premier depeg \u00e0 0,97 USD.<\/span><\/p>

      Intervention de la Luna Foundation Guard (LFG).\u00a0<\/span>La LFG, charg\u00e9e de maintenir la stabilit\u00e9 de l’UST, a tent\u00e9 de r\u00e9tablir la parit\u00e9 en vendant ses r\u00e9serves de bitcoins pour racheter de l’UST. Cependant, ces r\u00e9serves de 2 milliards de dollars de BTC n’ont pas suffi face \u00e0 une capitalisation de 20 milliards de dollars de l’UST.<\/p>

      Spirale de Vente et Panique.\u00a0<\/span>Face \u00e0 la d\u00e9sindexation, les d\u00e9tenteurs d’UST ont massivement vendu leurs tokens, augmentant la pression baissi\u00e8re sur le LUNA. Le m\u00e9canisme d’arbitrage s’est enray\u00e9, et la LFG n’a pas pu enrayer la chute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Depeg stablecoin d\u00e9finition – Exemple avec le terraUSD – CoinMarketCap<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Blocage des Retraits<\/strong>. Binance, une des principales plateformes d’\u00e9change, a temporairement bloqu\u00e9 les retraits en UST, ajoutant \u00e0 la panique. Les carnets d’ordres se sont vid\u00e9s, exacerbant la chute de l’UST.<\/span>
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      Impact sur l'\u00c9cosyst\u00e8me Terra et la DeFi<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      La chute de l’UST a eu des r\u00e9percussions d\u00e9vastatrices sur l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me Terra et la finance d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e (DeFi) en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral :<\/p>

      1. Effondrement de la Total Value Locked (TVL).\u00a0<\/strong>La blockchain Terra a perdu 75% de sa TVL en 24 heures, passant de 18 milliards \u00e0 2,3 milliards de dollars.<\/p><\/li>

      2. Protocole Anchor.\u00a0<\/strong>Anchor, qui offrait des rendements \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour le staking d’UST, a vu sa TVL s’effondrer de 85% en une semaine, mettant en p\u00e9ril l’ensemble de l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/p><\/li>

      3. Perte de Confiance<\/strong>. La confiance dans les stablecoins algorithmiques a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9rieusement \u00e9branl\u00e9e, affectant d’autres projets de DeFi et conduisant \u00e0 une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation des risques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 ces types de stablecoins.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        Le depeg de l’UST en 2022 est un exemple poignant des risques associ\u00e9s aux stablecoins algorithmiques. Malgr\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes de stabilisation complexes et des interventions de sauvegarde, l’UST a montr\u00e9 que la confiance et la stabilit\u00e9 peuvent s’effondrer rapidement en cas de crise.\u00a0<\/p>

        Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement souligne l’importance de la transparence, de la robustesse des m\u00e9canismes de soutien et de la gestion des risques dans l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me des cryptomonnaies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Dans l’univers des cryptomonnaies, les stablecoins jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel en offrant une alternative stable aux actifs volatils comme le Bitcoin. Cependant, ces monnaies num\u00e9riques peuvent parfois perdre leur parit\u00e9 avec l’actif de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne connu sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0depeg\u00a0\u00bb. Cet article explore en profondeur la d\u00e9finition d’un depeg de stablecoin et ses risques dans l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me crypto.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7025,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,16],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[147],"class_list":["post-6911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cryptomonnaies","category-lexique"],"yoast_head":"\nQu'est-ce le \u201cdepeg\u201d de Stablecoin ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quelle est la d\u00e9finition du depeg de stablecoin ? 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